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False Site Effects: The Anjar Case, following the 2001 Bhuj (India) Earthquake

Imtiyaz A. Parvez
CSIR Centre for Mathematical Modelling and Computer Simulation, Bangalore, India

The first 20% of the full text of this article appears below.

	INTRODUCTION

 
On 26 January 2001, a severe earthquake (Mw 7.9, International Seismological Centre) struck northeastern India (mainly Gujarat). The earthquake, located by ISC at 23.442°N, 70.310°E at a depth of 16 km, occurred on the Kachchh Peninsula, which has a long history of strong earthquakes (e.g. Bapat et al. 1983) close to the cities of Bhuj and Anjar. Known as the Bhuj earthquake, this event has been studied extensively (see Kayal and Mukhopadhyay 2006 for a comprehensive review).

Several macroseismic surveys were carried out immediately after the mainshock (e.g. Ravishanker and Pande 2001; Rastogi et al. 2001; Wesnousky et al. 2001; Association Française de Génie Parasismique [AFPS] 2001) and the Geological Survey of India (2003) published a detailed report. The earthquake was felt with a maximum intensity X (MSK) over a 780-km² area—in which destruction of structures, irrespective of class or type of construction, was near total—and with intensity IX over a 10,455-km² area, where many well-built structures also failed totally (Ravishanker and Pande 2001). Peak ground accelerations (PGAs) of 0.55 g at Anjar (rock, 43 km from the epicenter), 0.13 g at Ahmedabad (alluvium, 240 km away), and 0.04 g at Anand (alluvium, 290 km away) were recorded (Kayal and Mukhopadhyay 2006).

The impact of the 2001 earthquake was particularly spectacular in the city of Anjar in certain well-defined areas of the city, and striking differences were observed in the damage distribution. The most damaged area was the old Anjar city (Gamtal area; see Figure 1), which was completely destroyed, while recently constructed buildings located across the street from the old city limits (mainly to the east and northeast) experienced only slight or no damage (AFPS 2001). Based on these observations an intensity . . . [Full Text of this Article]

Laboratoire de Géophysique Interne et Tectonophysique
Maison des Géosciences
BP 53
38040 Grenoble Cedex 9 France
jlchatel@ird.fr
(J.-L. C.)
bertrand.guillier@bondy.ird.fr
(B.G.)

parvez@cmmacs.ernet.in
(I.A.P.)