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Using Waveform Cross-Correlation and Satellite Imagery to Identify Repeating Mine Blasts in Eastern Kazakhstan

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	INTRODUCTION

 
The estimation of earthquake occurrence rates and seismic hazard analyses, along with treaty verification requirements to identify and characterize seismic sources in particular regions, requires removing mine blasts from seismic catalogs (Mackey et al. 2003). While efforts progress to formulate generalized discriminants based solely on seismic data, these efforts are often hampered by poor data quality and a significant need for custom processing due to the widely ranging propagation characteristics of each region (Hartse et al. 1997; Taylor and Hartse 1998; Stump et al. 2002). Many regions of interest to researchers and to the treaty verification community are sparsely instrumented, geologically complex, and contain both natural and anthropogenic seismicity.

A number of temporal methods have been used to detect and remove anthropogenic seismicity from seismic catalogs; many of these rely on earthquake metadata such as epicenter location and depth, the quality of which may be poor. Mackey et al. (2003) performed simple time-of-day analysis on events from a number of Russian regional catalogs, including the annual Earthquakes of the USSR catalog. By investigating regions with local daytime seismicity greater than 65%, several areas of industrial seismic contamination were identified. Wiemer and Baer (2000) mapped normalized daytime to nighttime ratio of events, Rq, and calculated the probability of occurrence within a tight spatial grid to remove likely mining seismicity from catalogs in Switzerland and North America. This method was successful at highlighting regions of anomalously high daytime seismicity and removing those events, but it also removed a small percentage of tectonic events, which occur with fairly even time distribution throughout the day. Additionally, events with bulletin depths greater than 30 km were not considered. Significant inaccuracies in depth or epicenter location may inappropriately exclude industrial events from identification. Relatively straightforward . . . [Full Text of this Article]

New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology
Department of Earth and Environmental Science
801 Leroy Place, MSEC 208
Socorro, New Mexico 87801 USA
jkmacc@nmt.com
(J. K. M.)